Light stimulates or inhibits the germination of some seeds. A continuous supply of moisture without fluctuation in the growing medium is important to ensure germination. The first step in the germination process is absorption of water. Water, oxygen, light, and heat can all affect germination. Factors Affecting GerminationĪ seed sprouts only if it is viable and if the environment is conducive for germination. Some seeds will successfully germinate after storage for one or more years others, such as these parsnip seeds, have a very short viable life and should be purchased new each year. Those interested in saving seeds should stick with open-pollinated varieties, because seed saved from hybrids does not “breed true” the next generation won’t look exactly like the original variety.

Some gardeners save seeds from their own gardens however, such seeds may be the result of random pollination by insects or other natural agents and may not produce plants like the parent plants. Paper packets are best kept in tightly closed jars or containers and maintained around 40☏ with low humidity. Laminated foil packets help ensure dry storage. If you get your seeds well in advance of the actual planting date or are attempting to store surplus seeds, keep them in a cool, dry place. Printing on the seed packet usually indicates the date of the germination test and percentage of seed that germinated, as well as any chemical seed treatments that may have been applied, and other essential information. Seed suppliers perform germination tests to determine the viability of seeds before sale. Some hybrids offer specific disease resistance or other unique cultural characteristics.Īlthough some seeds will keep for several years if stored properly, we suggest buying only enough seeds for the current year’s use. Hybrid varieties often have more vigor and uniformity, and they may cost more than open-pollinated varieties. Many new vegetable and flower varieties are hybrids, meaning that they are the result of hand-pollinating two different parent varieties.

Choose varieties that are adapted to your area.

To raise quality plants, start with good quality seeds from a reliable seed supplier. Starting your own seed can save you money, and it also allows you to grow varieties that may not be available for purchase as transplants. Sowing seed also allows gardeners to grow varieties that may not be available at local greenhouses or garden centers. Vigorous plants started indoors flower sooner than those started outdoors. Sowing seed is less expensive than buying established plants and requires little equipment. Gardeners can grow most annuals, biennials, and many herbaceous perennials from seed.

Fertilizing vegetable seedlings